The no. of entities that can be associated with another entity. For eg. 1-1, 1-many, many-1 and many-many
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Completeness Constraint. * The Completeness Constraint addresses the issue of whether or not an occurrence of a Supertype must also have a corresponding Subtype occurrence. * The Total Specialization Rule specifies that this is the case. This is diagrammed with a double line from the Supertype to the circle as shown here. * The Partial Specialization Rule is the one we have followed thus far in the notes (single line to the circle) -- no such constraint exists. You can have a Supertype named VEHICLE and a Subtype named AUTO, but an occurrence of a vehicle need not be an automobile.
If there is a shadow price of zero it means it is a non binding constraint and the RHS of the constraint can be changed up to the allowable increase or decrease without changing the value of the objective function.
What do you mean by multiplicity? If you mean the factors they are: 1, 2, 3, and 6. If you mean the prime factorization it is: 2x3. 1 is not a prime factor, nor is it composite. If you mean what is it multiplied by itself over and over, then it is 6, 36, etc. Hope this helps and answers your question.
That's a rhombus. With an additional constraint on the angles, it's also a square.
30 is 2*3*5. 120 is 2^3*3*5. As all the prime factors of 120 appear with a smaller or equal multiplicity in 30, 30 is a factor of 120.