' -1' as an exponent means the reciprocal of the 'base'.
Examples:
(3)^-1 = 1/3
(14)^-1 = 1/14
x^-1 = 1/x
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The exponent of 11 is 1.
An exponent is 1; 16 = 16^1
The exponent of any constant number is 1.
Whenever you see a variable (letter) without any exponent, it's exponent is 1.
It is not enough to look at the base. This is because a^x is the same as (1/a)^-x : the key is therefore a combination of the base and the sign of the exponent.0 < base < 1, exponent < 0 : growth0 < base < 1, exponent > 0 : decaybase > 1, exponent < 0 : decaybase > 1, exponent > 0 : growth.