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"Permitted Exposure Time Guidelines - SPL"
Sound pressure level Lp and permissible exposure time t:
115 dB = 0.46875 minutes (~30 sec)
112 dB = 0.9375 minutes (~1 min)
109 dB = 1.875 minutes (< 2 min)
106 dB = 3.75 minutes (< 4 min)
103 dB = 7.5 minutes
100 dB = 15 minutes
97 dB = 30 minutes
94 dB = 1 hour
91 dB = 2 hours
88 dB = 4 hours
85 dB = 8 hours
82 dB = 16 hours
Lower dBs are said to be harmless
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The OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Noise is 90 dBA taken as an average over an 8-hour working day. If large portions of the work day do not involve exposure to noise, the averaging results in permitting louder noise for shorter exposure times.PEL .... Time Exposed during one day90 ...... 8 hours95 ...... 4 hours100 .... 2 hours105 .... 1 hour110 ..... 30 minutes115 ..... 15 minutesUnprotected exposures over 115 dBA not permitted. All the above presumes no exposure over 90 dBA during the rest of the work shift.In addition, if the daily average noise exposure exceed 85 dBA, each person likely to be so exposed must be part of a hearing conservation program involving training, periodic hearing testing, and availability of hearing protectors. A similar table as above applies, but beginning at 85 dBA for 8 hours and going to 80 dBA for 4 hours, etc. These levels presume no exposure over 80 dBA during the rest of the work shift.(Note the no exposure presumption is different for Hearing conservation than for the basic PEL)
What is TWA is the average amount of a chemical a person can be exposed to over an eight hour day?
TWA stands for Time-Weighted Average. It represents the average concentration of a chemical that a person is exposed to over an eight-hour workday, taking into account variations in exposure levels throughout the day. TWA is used to assess compliance with occupational exposure limits and to estimate the potential health risks associated with prolonged exposure.
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The letters TLV stand for Threshold Limit Value, an exposure level for hazardous materials in air that it is believed can be experienced day after day for a working lifetime without ill effect. The TLVs are recommendations issued by a committee of experts through the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. The letters TWA stand for time-weighted average, and usually refer to an average exposure over an 8-hour working day. It is intended to distinguish between that sort of long-term exposure measure and shorter exposure measures such as a 15-minute average exposure or a ceiling limit not to be exceed more than twice during a working day. The letters TLV-TWA, then, refer to a recommended maximum exposure level, expressed as an average over an 8-hour day.
What is the allowable percentage of associate to full membership within a club?
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