If the members (elements) of the data set are numbered 1, 2, 3, and so on, the ith element is the one that comes in the ith place. The elements may be ordered according to when they were observed, or by size(increasing or decreasing), or any other criterion.
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The mode is the data set element(s) that is(are) repeated the most. If every data set element occurs the same number of times, there is no mode. As there is only one occurrence of each data set element in {11, 12, 13} there is no mode. If your data set read {11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 12} your mode would be 12. If your data set read {11, 12, 12, 13, 13} your modes would be 12 & 13.
Yes, but only if every element in the data set is exactly the same. Therefore, very unlikely.
The mean of the new data set is shifted from the mean of the original set, in the direction of the added cluster. We note that the same would be true if only a single new element were added.
an empty set does not have any element
The empty element is a subset of any set--the empty set is even a subset of itself. But it is not an element of every set; in particular, the empty set cannot be an element of itself because the empty set has no elements.