It is called a diersis or umlaut, depending on how it's being used.
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The total number of dots on two dice - is 42.
An umlaut. An umlaut is just one example of a diacritical. Other diacriticals whose names are useful to learn are the tilde, circumflex, and cedilla.
This is the sequence of triangular numbers. You draw one dot. Then you draw two dots in the line below - one to the left and one to the right of the first dot. You now have a triangle, of three dots. Then you draw three dots in the next line and you get a triangle with 6 dots. Next, four more dots in the next line giving a triangle with 10 dots. The name is easy to understand if you can visualise or even actually draw these dots. It is difficult to demonstrate through an ordinary word processing package.
A ray