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If unspecified, the square root is the principal root, which is the positive root.
Actually a negative number can be under a square root symbol. This becomes very useful in electrical calculations. The square root of -1 is j. That is, j2 = -1.
It is the RADICAL SIGN , its definition is - the symbol used to indicate a nonnegitive square root.
The radicand.
Yes, but it's not real. The symbol i is used to designate the square root of negative one.