Horizontal Integration : When a company decides to expand horizontally i.e within its current line of business then it is called horizontal integration. For eg. pepsi when it got into snacks it can be called a horizontal integration.
Vertical integration: When a firm covers all activity of supply chain then it can be called as vertically integrated. Eg. if a paper manufacturing industry goes into plantation of woods and other activities involved with production raw material (wood) it can be called a vertical integration.
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Vertical Integration is owning a section of a business and horizontal integration is owning all businesses in a certain field.
cartels, monopolies, trust, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of
Horizontal is X-Axis and Vertical is Y-Axis.
An antonym for the word 'vertical' is 'horizontal'
Vertical.