Prefixes based on powers of 10 can be used with any SI (metric) unit. Some of the common prefixes are:
Deka (10)
Hekto (100)
deci (1/10)
centi (1/100)
kilo (1000
Mega (million)
milli (1/1000)
micro (1/1,000,000)
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The Si are units that are based as number 10. This is a math problem.
The metric system.
Metric measurements are based upon 10. It is as easy as using money: everyone knows that 100 Cents is 1 Dollar. The US uses Mile-Yard-Feet and you have to know what to mulitply to convert from one to the other.
To convert millimeters (mm) to centimeters (cm), you need to divide by 10 since there are 10 millimeters in a centimeter. Therefore, 30mm is equal to 3cm. This conversion is based on the metric system where units are related by powers of 10.
The 'D' is an older version of 'da' (the SI standard) and means "Deca" or 10 so 1 Dkm = 1 dakm = 10 km