ALU
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An arithmetic operation is dealing with data in a computational manner, adding subtracting, etc A logical operation would normally be regarded a a comparison and decision, though one school of though would include the literally 'logical operations' such as NOT, OR, AND, etc.
There is a special part of the CPU that performs Arithmetic and Logical calculations. Its called Arithmetic Logic Unit ( ALU ).
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Arithmetic operations involve mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, which manipulate numerical values. Logical operations, on the other hand, involve evaluating conditions or expressions to determine true or false outcomes. Arithmetic operations deal with numerical values, while logical operations deal with Boolean values (true or false).
The type that is appropriately called the "arithmetical and logical unit" (ALU).