A circle.
least volume and most surface area is 3D triangle
Thinking about the two dimensional equivalent, sharp corners basically waste perimeter while encompassing little additional area. As you increase the number of corners in a shape, you end up carving out more area for the same input of perimeter. As a shape's number of sides approaches larger and larger numbers, it rounds out to the point where you can think of a circle as a shape with infinite number of sides and corners. The same goes for three dimensional figures, substituting volume for area. Essentially, sharp corners are wasteful, the more corners you have the less wasteful they are, so if you have an infinite number of corners, you'll be enclosing the most volume/area with minimum surface area/perimeter.
no one actually knows the PROPER definition of a demi-regular tessellation but all I know is that most of them have curvy lines and/or more than one different shape in it. Some do have just one shape in it but some don't.
circle
A square.
least volume and most surface area is 3D triangle
A circle
For a given volume, you can make the surface area arbitrarily large. In other words, there is no upper limit.
A sphere contains the most volume to surface area ratio there is and most things sought that shape when molten.
A sphere. It has minimum surface area per volume.
I am fairly certain that red and white blood cells make there shape because that Is the most efficient shape to bind oxygen to their surface area.
Most crystals.
The area of a sphere is equal to its circumference times its diameter.There are a variety of ways to work out this formula, most of them involving calculus.(See the links for the volume of a sphere).
Yes. There are ways to do that, but it depends on what you wish to change the surface area of. Changing the surface area of something like, say, a shotput is difficult, but changing the surface area of a balloon can be accomplished by merely blowing it up (more) or deflating it.
Most non-regular quadrilaterals.
Cells with greater surface area can absorb more nutrients. Some cells, like those that line the walls of the intestine, have finger-like protrusions call villi which increase their surface area even more.
Since the volume of a shape is measured in cm3, m3 etc. and the surface area is measured in m2, cm2 etc. You can't really compare the two. However, if you're just looking at the numbers than yes it can be and in most cases the volume will generally be smaller than the surface area. Hopefully that makes sense and helps!