From what I understand, the 48th parallel is just above New York.
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The 49th parallel forms the border between US and Canada from Washington to Minnesota, so the 48th parallel is about 70 miles south of that line. It would run through northern Maine, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, and Washington. Seattle is the closest major US city at 47.6 degrees north.
A four-sided polygon with two parallel sides is called a trapezoid. In a trapezoid, the two parallel sides are known as the bases, while the non-parallel sides are called the legs. The parallel sides of a trapezoid are of different lengths, distinguishing it from a parallelogram where both pairs of opposite sides are parallel and equal in length. The sum of the interior angles of a trapezoid is always equal to 360 degrees.
A trapezium (most of the world) or a trapezoid (US).
Depending on whether you're using the British (two parallel sides - aka parallelogram in US) or the US definition (no parallel sides), you could POSSIBLY have equal length sides, but none are required to make a trapezium.
The answer is trapezoid in US usage. In the UK it would be a trapezium.
parallel is the same as the latitude.