A geocentric theory is one that states the universe is centered by Earth. Geo means earth. The old Ptolemaic Model of the universe has earth as the center.
A heliocentric theory is one that is centered by a source of heat. Helio = heat. It basically states that the sun is the center of our galaxy. (Copernican Model)
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Geocentric theory
Geocentric theory
The heliocentric theory is the idea that planets rotate around the sun, where the geocentric theory said that everything orbited around Earth.
The main difference - is the centre of the galaxy. The heliocentric theory placed the Sun at the centre of our galaxy - the previous 'geocentric' theory placed the Earth at the centre.
Heliocentric = The Sun is at the center of our solar system. Geocentric = The Earth is at the center of our solar system. Insisting the Sun is at the center, which it is, once very much angered the church.