Recall that paging is implemented by breaking up an address into a page and offset number. It is most efficient to break the address into X page bits and Y offset bits, rather than perform arithmetic on the address to calculate the page number and offset. Because each bit position represents a power of 2, splitting an address between bits results in a page size that is a power of 2.
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By the size of the page, i.e. 6x4 or 8x12
A power means the number is mulitplied by itself the "power" number of times Thus 2 to the power 2 is the same as 2*2 2 to the power 3 is the same as 2*2*2 2 to the power 5 is the same as 2*2*2*2*2 So 2 to the power 40 is the same as 2*2*2....*2 (with 40 twos), which = 1099511627776
2 to the 100th power.
2¹⁰ + 2¹⁰ = 2 × 2¹⁰ = 2¹¹ = 2048
2 to the 28th power is 268,435,456.