I had the impression that the Quran was a religious book, not a scientific book. Now, that doesn't mean that you can't find some scientific truth in it, but I suspect that the emphasis is more on spiritual topics, and that God has left such details as figuring out the speed of light to scientists.
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The Quran does not contain a specific calculation for the speed of light. The speed of light in a vacuum, approximately 299,792 kilometers per second, was not known or measured at the time of the Quran's revelation. The Quran is not a scientific textbook but rather a religious text providing guidance for believers.
I am pretty sure there are better ways (more accurate ways) to calculate the speed of light.
Refractive index is determined by measuring the angle of refraction through a prism or by calculating the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material. This can be done using Snell's Law or by observing the bending of light as it passes through different mediums.
Galileo attempted to measure the speed of light using lanterns positioned at known distances and observing the time it took for light to travel between them. He would uncover the lanterns simultaneously and use a telescope to try and detect any delay in the light reaching his eyes. However, his methods were not sensitive enough to accurately measure the speed of light.
The speed of light in quartz is approximately 186,282 miles per second, which is slower than the speed of light in a vacuum. The slowing down of light in a medium like quartz is due to its refractive index, which affects the speed at which light travels through the material.
The speed of light was first measured in 1676 by Danish astronomer Ole Rømer using observations of the moons of Jupiter. Rømer's work provided the first quantitative estimate of the speed of light.
The speed of sound can be determined using the formula: speed = frequency x wavelength. Frequency can be measured using a sound wave device like a microphone, while wavelength can be measured by calculating the distance between two sound wave peaks. This method allows for the accurate determination of the speed of sound in a specific medium.