23
Violation of 2nd Law
Igloos are constructed of blocks of snow, not ice. Blocks of snow contain a great deal of air. The trapped air serves to limit the movement of heat, and the blocks block the wind. While the snow blocks might be 10 to 20 degrees F, if the outside air is -50, inside the igloo will be MUCH warmer than outside.
you push the outside blocks then the inside blocks then push them together
The same as most substances, CO2 must be cooled and put under increased pressure to become a solid. At one atmosphere, CO2 must be cooled to a temperature of -78.5 degrees Celsius to solidify. At height pressures CO2 solidifies at higher temperatures, however solid CO2 never exists at a temperature above -56.4 degrees Celsius.
a pyroclastic flow is a cloud of volcanic bombs, volcanic blocks, volcanic ash, and lapilli. these flows can achieve speeds at over 125 miles per hour and can be more than 750 degrees Celsius.
You have to be able to think outside the blocks.
The atmosphere moderates temperature changes, keeping the surface warm at night and cool in the day. Without an atmosphere on Earth the temperature would probably go from about +100 degrees to -100 degrees every 24 hours. The atmosphere keeps it nicely within a range of ten degrees usually. Carbon dioxide allows radiant heat through to the Earth's surface but blocks heat being radiated away from the surface which is at a relatively low temperature. So it produces a 'greenhouse' effect which raises the surface temperature, but only by a little at present. On Venus, which has a 95% carbon dioxide atmosphere, the greenhouse effect has made the surface temperature 400-500 degrees C.
The atmosphere moderates temperature changes, keeping the surface warm at night and cool in the day. Without an atmosphere on Earth the temperature would probably go from about +100 degrees to -100 degrees every 24 hours. The atmosphere keeps it nicely within a range of ten degrees usually. Carbon dioxide allows radiant heat through to the Earth's surface but blocks heat being radiated away from the surface which is at a relatively low temperature. So it produces a 'greenhouse' effect which raises the surface temperature, but only by a little at present. On Venus, which has a 95% carbon dioxide atmosphere, the greenhouse effect has made the surface temperature 400-500 degrees C.
The inside temperature of igloos is higher than the outside temperature because the blocks of ice help to trap the occupant's body heat inside, preventing it from escaping. The design of the igloo also helps to minimize heat loss and maximize warmth. Additionally, the compact size creates a smaller space to heat, making it easier to maintain a higher temperature compared to the colder surroundings.
insulation
insulation
insulation