Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
potential mechanical energy
The pure water surrounding the carrot has a higher water potential. A net gain of water will enter the plant cells, swelling the cells. Water will rise in the tube.
No. Heat is one of many forms of energy, and is measured in units of energy ... joules, calories, watt-seconds, BTU, foot-pounds, etc. "Degrees" describe the temperature of an object or a sample of a substance. That's a measure of how "full of heat" it is. One joule of heat will fill an ounce of water higher than the same joule will fill a gallon of water. So after absorbing the same amount of heat, the temperature of the ounce is higher than the gallon's temperature.
mountains get higher as the sea level lowers
Two points are collinear if there is a line going through them. A higher-dimensional counterpart to this is "coplanar": objects are coplanar if there is a plane that contains the objects. There's always a plane containing any three points, so you'd need at least four points (in at least three dimensions) for this distinction to be meaningful. However, it's also possible to discuss two or more coplanar lines, for example - if two lines are not coplanar, they are called skew. To visualize this, imagine a bridge crossing a river: the bridge and the river could be extended into lines that are not contained in any common plane. Beyond coplanar objects, it's possible to discuss "cospatial" objects that lie in the same three-dimensional space. However, you'd need at least four dimensions to even talk about this, since in three dimensions everything is cospatial, in a way. Another related concept to collinear is "concurrent." This refers to three or more lines (or circles) that all intersect at the same point.
No, there are many, many other objects, more massive or at a higher location (or both) that will have greater gravitational potential energy. Furthermore, there will be objects in stronger gravitational fields - for example, near neutron stars or black holes.
Gravitational energy basically refers to gravitational potential energy. The formula is: GPE = mgh (i.e., mass x gravity x height) In other words at a higher position, an object has more gravitational potential energy. Please note that once an object is dropped, it no longer has such gravitational potential energy. The potential energy is converted to kinetic (movement) energy; which of course will be greater if the initial potential energy was greater.
Gravitational potential energy
Gravitational potential energy - it depends on the distance from the centre of gravity, so on Earth it depends on the height above the Earth's surface
Gravitational potential energy is a type of energy that an object possesses because of where it is placed in a gravitational field. The higher the object the more energy it has, so if you had an object that was on the ground and then you put it on a high shelf then it would have more energy when it is on the shelf.
In apex, the answers for 2 potential energies, the answers are Elastic, and Magnetic energy.
-- If the velocity is horizontal, then gravitational potential energy doesn't change. -- If velocity is vertical and upward, gravitational potential energy increases at a rate proportional to the speed. -- If velocity is vertical and downward, gravitational potential energy decreases at a rate proportional to speed.
Place the object higher above the ground
By raising it to a higher position.
One example would be in a hot air balloon. Heat is used to raise the balloon and the higher the balloon gets, the more gravitational potential energy it gets.
The higher an object is placed, the larger will its gravitational potential energy be.
Put it on a higher shelf. Or a lower one.