One relationship is that the sum of the nth and the previous triangular numbers is equal to the nth square number.
That is
T(n-1) + T(n) = S(n)
where T(n) is the nth triangular number and S(n) is the nth square number.
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The sum of the first n cubed numbers is the square of the nth triangular number.
Square numbers.
Yes. 36 is a triangular number, because it is 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8, and it is also a square number, because 36=6x6. 1 is another square number that is traditionally considered to be triangular.
1 and 36
None, because there can be no such thing as a triangular square. If it is triangular it cannot be a square, if it is a square it cannot be triangular.