This is just called the "sum". Sometimes also the "resultant vector".
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It is called the "vector sum". It is NOT the resultant because there culd be more than two vectors acting on an object.
No, the sum of two vectors cannot be a scalar.
Resultant Vector
resultant
Not really. The sum of the magnitudes is a scalar, not a vector - so they can't be equal. But the sum of the two vectors can have the same magnitude, if both vectors point in the same direction.
When the vectors are parallel, i.e. both have the same direction.