The data that can best be represented by a line chart is time series data. This type of data shows how something changes over a long or short period of time.
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A line chart.
line graph
Line chart
Your best chance of getting the correct answer is to ask the student who drew the chart. The type of chart/graph that is best drawn depends upon the data being represented: If the chart is being used to show how data represents a fraction of a whole, a Pie chart would be used. If the chart is of discrete data, eg shoe sizes, a bar chart would be used. If the chart is of continuous data, eg the height of people, a line chart would be used. A pictogram is a version of the bar chart with the bars split up into icons which represent some kind of unit; eg for shoe sales of different styles a shop could use a shoe icon to represent 5 shoes with parts of a shoe icon representing 1-4 shoes sold. In business which of the bar chart and line graph is used depends upon what sort of information is required to be shown and to whom*. For factual information about different items a bar chart is often used (eg how much is sales per month), but if a trend is required a line graph can be used (eg how is sales per month changing). * The "to whom" bit is often the deciding factor - the choice of chart and how it is drawn can be used to great effect to enhance or hide certain aspects of the data.
Line graphs are the best graphs in order to display differences in data over time because the trends (if any) are easy to point out, as opposed to a bar graph, which deals with categorical data, or a pie chart, which deals with relative frequency.