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All organisms vary, even within a species and a habitat. A seedling growing in the shade will be likely to be taller than one in full sunshine. Animals in the same litter may have different masses depending on their genes and their food. An average quantity gives us a quick picture of what we are measuring. For instance, red foxes vary enormously in mass, from 2.2 to 14 kg, so looking at the individual mass of one fox tells us little. The average mass can be compared to other species, or averages within an area allow us to compare them from place to place. Foxes in Maryland average only 4.3 kg whereas in Scotland the average mass is 7.3 kg.

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Calculating arithmetic averages is the same in any situation. You calculate the sum of all the values and divide the total by the number of values.

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Q: Why do you calculate averages in biology?
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