In the Jewish calendar there are 354 days but in a leap year there are 383 days.
Just like the familiar western civil/business calendar does, the occasional introduction
of Leap Years adjusts the year to a long-term average of 3651/4 days.
Jewish years have different lengths. Some are as short as 354 days and some are as long as 386 days, so the math has variance.
Adar 2 typically has 29 days, but during a Jewish leap year, it has 30 days.
As I write this, it is September 2011. The Jewish year of 5772 will begin in a few days.
7 days.
An abundant year is an example of a longest possible year in the Jewish calendar, either a common year of 355 days or a leap year of 385 days.
There is currently no Jewish army, that was back in Biblical days.
Hanukkah, the Jewish festival of lights, lasts eight days.
29.
No, the Jewish year has 365.25 days, just like the Gregorian, but the calendar is calculated differently. The Gregorian calendar is Solar, meaning it's based on the Sun; the Jewish calendar is Lunisolar, meaning its based on the Moon, but periodically corrected to match the Sun. By contrast, the Islamic calendar is Lunar and has only 354 days in a year.
It depends on what the date is.
There are 365 days in a year. If it is a leap-year, then there are 366 days.
Jewish days begin at sunset.