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In a credentialistic meritocracy, individuals are judged and rewarded based on their academic and professional credentials rather than other factors like race or social status. Ascriptive variables such as race, gender, or social background should not be the determining factors in assessing someone's merit in this system. This ensures a more fair and equal opportunity for all individuals to succeed based on their qualifications and achievements.
Limiting factors whose effects increase as the size of the population increases are known as density-dependent factors. Competition is an example of a density-dependent limiting factor.
An independent variable is a variable that is intentionally manipulated or changed by the researcher in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable. The dependent variable, on the other hand, is the variable that is measured or observed to see how it responds to the changes made to the independent variable.
A variable being measured is a characteristic or attribute that can take on different values or levels, and it is the focus of study in research or experimentation. Variables can be either independent (manipulated or controlled by the researcher) or dependent (affected by changes in the independent variable).
A measured outcome variable in an experiment is typically referred to as the dependent variable. This is the variable that is being measured or observed to determine the effects of the independent variable(s) being manipulated in the experiment.
The two types of population regulation are density-dependent factors, which are influenced by population size, and density-independent factors, which affect populations regardless of size. Density-dependent factors include competition for resources, predation, and disease. Density-independent factors include natural disasters, climate events, and human activities.