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Some people will give the answer "correlation". But that is not correct for the following reason:

Consider the coordinates of a circle. There is obviously a very strong relationship between the x coordinate and the y coordinate. The correlation between the two is not just small, but 0.

The correlation between two variables is a measure of the linear relationship between them. But there can be non-linear relationships which will not necessarily be reflected by any correlation.

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Q: A relationship between two variables or sets of data is called what?
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A relationship between two variables or sets of data is called?

Correlation * * * * * That is simply not true. Consider the coordinates of a circle. There is obviously a very strong relationship between the x coordinate and the y coordinate. But the correlation is not just small, but 0. The correlation between two variables is a measure of the linear relationship between them. But there can be non-linear relationships which will not necessarily be reflected by any correlation.


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