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Because the whole population might be too large to sample. A good example is the population of the world. At nearly 7 billion people, it would be unrealistic to sample each person to determine some factor that you are looking at. Generally, we sample a subset of the population, taking into account differences (or errors) that might result, in this case, regional and cultural, in order to estimate the behavior of the larger population.
Yes. You could have a biased sample. Its distribution would not necessarily match the distribution of the parent population.
A simple random sample.
No, that would be a random sample.
A sample is a subset of a population that is selected for research or analysis. It represents a smaller group that is studied to make inferences about the larger population. A sampling frame, on the other hand, is a list of all the elements in the population from which the sample is drawn. It serves as the source from which the sample is selected and should ideally include all members of the population.