Probability is a branch of mathematics and so is not linked with any individual and so is anonymous. Random sampling may or may not include information that will allow the contributor to be identified. So it may or may not be anonymous.
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There are many such methods: cluster sampling, stratified random sampling, simple random sampling.Their usefulness depends on the circumstances.
Simple random sampling.
1) Simple random sampling 2) Systematic sampling 3) Stratified sampling 4) Cluster sampling 5) Probability proportional to size sampling 6) Matched random sampling 7) Quota sampling 8) Convenience sampling 9) Line-intercept sampling 10) Panel sampling
Sampling distribution in statistics works by providing the probability distribution of a statistic based on a random sample. An example of this is figuring out the probability of running out of water on a camping trip.
There is always an element of random error and so an exact answer is not possible.