A sampling method in which all members of a group have an equal and independent chance of being selected.
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yes
No.
There are many such methods: cluster sampling, stratified random sampling, simple random sampling.Their usefulness depends on the circumstances.
In a stratified sample, the sampling proportion is the same for each stratum. In a random sample it should be but, due to randomness, need not be.
Stratified random sampling is a form of probability sampling that provides a methodology for dividing a population into smaller subgroups as a means of ensuring greater accuracy of your high-level survey results. The smaller subgroups are called strata. Stratified random sampling is also called proportional or quota random sampling.