This is 3 standard deviations above and below the mean.
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The number of defects is reduced exponentially.
3 Sigma is 66800 defects per million pieces You can check out the number of defective pieces per million & the % accuracy for all Sigma levels in the six sigma conversion chart in the related links section
If the population standard deviation is sigma, then the estimate for the sample standard error for a sample of size n, is s = sigma*sqrt[n/(n-1)]
what is eoor 2% at 2 sigma
4.5 Sigma is 1350 defects per million pieces You can check out the number of defective pieces per million & the % accuracy for all Sigma levels in the six sigma conversion chart in the related links section