Quality Control (QC) in construction is the process of verifying that the project is built to plan, that the tolerances allowable by industry standard and engineering practices have been met or bettered, and that the finished project (and all phases to get there) meet with the quality standards of the architect, engineer, owner, and general contractor. On construction projects there are dozens of subcontractors, all of which have specific responsibilities. Superintendents and project managers try to maintain high quality standards but they can't be everywhere at once. Required inspections by cities and countiies (as well as other jurisdictions, depending on the project) help to ensure safety and code issues. In addition, a good general contractor or developer will have on staff a QC person, someone who is responsible for going through the building or project, ensuring compliance, and maintaining an ongoing list of corrective items that must be accomplished before the contractor who installed it is paid or leaves the job. QC technicians generally keep a very detailed binder, separated by areas/rooms/phases of the project with notes of items that must be either verified or corrected, with sign-off as each is accomplished. This binder becomes part of the project record and is an important element to completing the project on time and with expected quality maintained.
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Your question is very general. I will try to answer it the best I can. As QC is usually taught in the universities (part of industrial engineering), there is typically a strong emphasis on the statistical aspects. However, in the industrial environment, as quality relates to human observation and error, the importance of statistics will depend on the product. If every product is inspected thoroughly, then the concepts of random sampling and acceptance-rejection criteria are not important. Quality control will focus on how to inspect, and spot defects. However, if inspection of every product is impractical, the inspections are done by sampling. In this case, knowledge of statistics is very important. Questions will arise on how many lots to inspect, and the criteria for acceptance and rejection. If too tight a criteria for acceptance is used, then many acceptable products will be discarded (Type I error). It too loose a criteria for acceptance is used, then many unacceptable productions will be sent to customers (Type II error).
ATS is a company that provides training, software, consulting, etc for SPC.