Standard error is a measure of precision.
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Precision and accuracy are two ways that scientists think about error. Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value. Precision refers to how close measurements of the same item are to each other. Precision is independent of accuracy.
Standard error is random error, represented by a standard deviation. Sampling error is systematic error, represented by a bias in the mean.
The standard error increases.
Standard of deviation and margin of error are related in that they are both used in statistics. Level of confidence is usually shown as the Greek letter alpha when people conducting surveys allow for a margin of error - usually set at between 90% and 99%. The Greek letter sigma is used to represent standard deviation.
You calculate the standard error using the data.