Sampling error occurs when the sampling protocol does not produce a representative sample. It may be that the sampling technique over represented a certain portion of the population, causing sample bias in the final study population.
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In stats, a sampling error is simply one that comes from looking at a sample of the population in question and not the entire population. That is where the name comes from. But there are other kinds of stats errors. In contrast, non sampling error refers to ANY other kind of error that does NOT come from looking at the sample instead of the population. One example you may want to know about of a non sampling error is a systematic error. OR Sampling Error: There may be inaccuracy in the information collected during the sample survey, this inaccuracy may be termed as Sampling error. Sampling error = Frame error + Chance error + Response error.
Sampling error leads to random error. Sampling bias leads to systematic error.
Standard error is random error, represented by a standard deviation. Sampling error is systematic error, represented by a bias in the mean.
ome suggested ways: Larger samples, Better sample design, Better measurement, Better data validation, Better survey/questionnaire design.
You calculate the standard error using the data.