Sample: The answer is called Sample space.
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A random variable is a function that assigns unique numerical values to all possible outcomes of a random experiment. A real valued function defined on a sample space of an experiment is also called random variable.
The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment is nothing but sample space usually denoted by S. we can also call it as event. For example our experiment is rolling a dice, then our sample space is S= {1,2,3,4,5,6}
controlled experiment
No. Only a census can ACCURATELY predict the outcomes: a random sample cannot.
Random variables is a function that can produce outcomes with different probability and random variates is the particular outcome of a random variable.