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A population is the collection of all of the units of interest to a researcher. A sample is a subset of this collection that the researcher selects that is typically smaller than the population.
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A representative sample is a randomly selected subset of the population.
A sample of a population is a subset of the population. The average of the population is a statistical measure for some variable of the population.
The population consists of every possible unit where a sample is a subset of the population. Note that population and sample need not refer to persons. For example, if studying biodiversity, the population could consist of plots of land.