8 variables and 25 observations
Explanatory
population
Increasing your sample size might help
Convenience sample Systematic sample Simple random sample (SRS) Census
A sample is a smaller group selected from a larger population. It may be to costly and time consuming to carry out the study on the whole population so the researchers choose a sample and often generalise results.A sample frame is the list of people from which a sample for the study are selected. It is only carried out on the target population that the researcher is interested in studying. For example finding data on just school children would not involve the the whole population only children in schools.
A longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study are methods of collecting scientific data. A longitudinal study is the method that gathers data on a subject for a particular period of time and the subject's response to particular variables. A cross-sectional study is where more than one subject is used for the collection of data at different points in time in response to particular variables. These types of studies are sometimes used to determine correlation.
the cross-sectional study selects a sample that has all the age ranges the researchers are interested in verses one group that is followed throught time
the cross-sectional study selects a sample that has all the age ranges the researchers are interested in verses one group that is followed throught time
One problem with a longitudinal study is that a relationship is built with participants, making it difficult for the researcher to remain objective. In a snapshot study, that relationship isn't built, making it easier to remain objective, reducing researcher bias. Researcher bias is an extraneous variable, which can affect the dependent variable, whereas only the independent variable should affect it. This can make it more difficult to establish cause and effect. In addition, subject attrition isn't as much of an issue in snapshot research (where participants drop out), so therefore the sample is just as large as it was when the study started. Therefore, the sample remains unbiased - as in longitudinal research only a particular type of person would continue in the study - and representative. However, a snapshot study doesn't show a behaviour developing in the same group like longitudinal research does, therefore, participant variables become an issue. Participant variables are an extraneous variable, which can affect the dependent variable, whereas only the independent variable should affect it. This can make it more difficult to establish cause and effect.
Gad Nathan has written: 'Multiplicity study of marriages and births in Israel' 'A review of sample attrition and representativeness in three longitudinal surveys'
sample is the population we make our study about them.
A longitudinal cohort study involves studying a specific group of people over an extended period of time.
A longitudinal study is a study that goes on for a long time. An example of this method of research would be an ethnography.
a longitudinal study and its topic is critiqued for quite a lenghty period of time. this study is undertaken by the researcher and lasts for years, so in saying this it is quite obvious that this is a study that is taken into the future. however, a cross sectional study critiques its research at something that has happened or occured at a specific point in time. it may be a person's experience or an event of some interest.
cross-cultural comparisons
in psychology terms what is a naturalistic experiment and a longitudinal study?
The three main types of longitudinal studies are cohort studies, panel studies, and trend studies. Cohort studies follow a specific group of individuals over time, panel studies revisit the same group of individuals at multiple points, and trend studies analyze data collected from different samples at various time points.