States that the results of one chance event have no effect on the results of subsequent chance events.
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When considering the probability of two different events or outcomes, it is essential to clarify whether they are mutually exclusive or independent. If the events are mutually exclusive, then the probability that either one or the other will occur equals the sum of their individual probabilities. This is known as the law of addition. If, however, two or more events or outcomes are independent, then the probability that both the first and the second will occur equals the product of their individual probabilities. This is known as the law of multiplication.
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The probability of tossing heads on all of the first six tosses of a fair coin is 0.56, or 0.015625. The probability of tossing heads on at least one of the first six tosses of a fair coin is 1 - 0.56, or 0.984375.
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