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Dispersion is an abstract quality of a sample of data. Dispersion is how far apart or scattered the data values appear to be. Common measures of dispersion are the data range and standard deviation.
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The sample range could be used as an index of dispersion. However, there are objections. One is that this statistic is obviously sensitive to outliers. Another is that for many population distributions there are measures with much better characteristics, even ignoring the problem of outliers.