Random sampling is the sample group of subjects that are selected by chance, without bias. Random assignment is when each subject of the sample has an equal chance of being in either the experimental or control group of an experiment.
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Random sampling is picking a subject at random. Systematic sampling is using a pattern to pick subjects, I.e. picking every third person.
Sampling error leads to random error. Sampling bias leads to systematic error.
In a stratified sample, the sampling proportion is the same for each stratum. In a random sample it should be but, due to randomness, need not be.
Standard error is random error, represented by a standard deviation. Sampling error is systematic error, represented by a bias in the mean.
Population distribution refers to the patterns that a population creates as they spread within an area. A sampling distribution is a representative, random sample of that population.