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In statistics. a confounding variable is one that is not under examination but which is correlated with the independent and dependent variable. Any association (correlation) between these two variables is hidden (confounded) by their correlation with the extraneous variable.

A simple example:

The proportion of black-and-white TV sets in the UK and the greyness of my hair are negatively correlated. But that is not because the TV sets are becoming colour sets and so my hair is loosing colour, nor the other way around. It is simply that both are correlated with the passage of time. Time is the confounding variable in this example.

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