The death or abdication of the previous monarch.
The power of a statistical test is the probability that the test will reject the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, false. Please see the link.
To find the units digit of 8 to the power of 50, we need to look for a pattern in the units digits of powers of 8. The units digit of powers of 8 cycles in a pattern: 8^1 = 8, 8^2 = 4, 8^3 = 2, 8^4 = 6, and so on. Since the cycle repeats every 4 powers, we can divide 50 by 4 to find that the 50th power will have the same units digit as 8^2, which is 4. Therefore, the units digit of 8 to the power of 50 is 4.
2 to the 3rd power equals 8, because 2 times 2 times 2 equals 8.
The power of a test is 1 minus the probability of a Type II error.
I am not aware of any simple way. 98 - 89 = 43,046,721 - 134,217,728 = -91,171,007
no
That the country remains a monarchy.
The death of the incumbent (from natural causes or otherwise).
The previous monarch must die or abdicate.
For the previous monarch to die, abdicate or "resign their position".
Monarchs historically came to power because they had the support of the people, the bureaucracy and the aristocracy. Being popular would stop the people from revolting. In Medieval Europe the church provided the clerks for the bureaucracy. Keeping on good terms with the bishops and the Pope would usually ensure the support of the bureaucracy. The aristocracy was usually controlled by handing out prestigious offices. Often the nobles were as rich or richer than the king and had more fighting men. It was important to keep these people loyal. The most important requirement for a new monarch to gain power was for the current monarch to be very unpopular. The most important thing for a reigning monarch to gain more power was to make sure that all important decisions had to be made by him.
Machiavelli argues that a monarch must be willing to use both virtue and vice to maintain power and stability. A monarch must prioritize the well-being of the state above personal morals and act decisively when necessary. However, a monarch should refrain from being perceived as weak or unreliable, as this can lead to rebellion or loss of power.
When a monarch has unlimited power, the government is called an absolute monarchy.
Parliament
It demonstrated that power reverted to the people when a monarch was absent.
The monarch had the power to make or change laws, to collect some kinds of taxes and estates.
English rulers turned to parliament for funds. In this way, it could limit the power of the monarch.