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One advantage to using central tendency is the fact that is represents all data. A disadvantage to using central tendency is the fact that extremes can skew the data.
The four measures of central tendency are mean-also called average, mode-the most frequently occurring numerical, median-the middle number after arranging all data from lowest to highest numerical and lastly standard deviation-root-mean-square or square-root of the variance. These are the 4 measure of central tendency.
Range is NOT a measure of central tendency. In a number of distribution - though by no means all - the mean, median and mode are near the middle of the distribution. That is more likely to be the case with a large number of observations (or experiments).
Interval-Ratio can use all three measures, but the most appropriate should be mean unless there is high skew, then median should be used.
A repeated measures design involves all participants being used for all possible setups. For example, if you were testing how different music genres effected performance on a spelling test, you would give each participant multiple spelling tests for each genre. Independent measures means that different participants are used for the different setups.