As a decimal: 0.866
As a fraction: √(3)/2
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60 degrees = 0.5 1/2
Fora right angle triangle: cosine angle = adjacent/hypotenuse
If you know the angle's sine, cosine, or tangent, enter it into the calculator and press <inverse> sine, cosine, or tangent. On MS Calc, in Scientific Mode, using Degrees, enter 0.5, then check Inv and the press sin. You should get 30 degrees. The other functions work similarly.
tan(30 deg) = 0.5774, approx.
The cosine of theta is adjacent over hypotenuse, given a right triangle, theta not being the 90 degree angle, adjacent not being the hypotenuse, and theta being the angle between adjacent and hypotenuse. In a unit triangle, i.e. in a unit circle circumscribed with radius one, and theta and the center of the circle at the origin, cosine of theta is X.