Typically yes if you use a 30 amp breaker and the dryer uses 230-240 volts.
A stove is a two pole 50, and hot water heater i would recommend the same.
If you are referring to a cloths dryer, the answer depends on the requirements of the dryer. Most dryers require AWG#10 wire with a 30 amp fuse. If the wiring is AWG#12 then use a 20 amp breaker but never use it on AWG#10 which requires a 30 amp breaker. If you are referring to a hair dryer then yes a 20 amp breaker is fine.
no
I wouldn't, always safer to go heaver gauge. I recommend 8 gauge if you are going to be running any length of wire. Fire is never fun I believe the above answer assumes the question was meant to read, "30 amp 220 volt dryer." 12 gauge wire WILL NOT carry 30 amps safely. You need to run #10 copper minimum. It is never a bad idea to upsize, such as the recommended #8, but it is not necessary if 30 amps is what you need.
A. It's 240 volts & B. Wire size is a function of amperage. 12-gauge wire is used with 20 amperes or less. So, 12-gauge wire can be used with 120V/20A or 240V/20A. Keep in mind though that 240V in the U.S. has 2 live 120V lines so if you encounter a white wire, it's probably an unmarked live & should be repainted as black or better yet, red (to indicate the 2nd live wire).
no. depending on length of run you'll need either 10 or 6 gauge wire for a 30 amp double pole breaker.
No, 10 gauge wire requires the use of a 30 amp breaker. A 20 amp breaker is only used on 12 gauge wire.
Normally AWG #10
A stove is a two pole 50, and hot water heater i would recommend the same.
Use 8 gauge wire.
18 gauge
14 AWG.
Use 8 gauge wire.
no
If you are referring to a cloths dryer, the answer depends on the requirements of the dryer. Most dryers require AWG#10 wire with a 30 amp fuse. If the wiring is AWG#12 then use a 20 amp breaker but never use it on AWG#10 which requires a 30 amp breaker. If you are referring to a hair dryer then yes a 20 amp breaker is fine.
wire gauge is used to determine the size of the wire to be installed based on the amperage draw of whatever is being hooked up on the receiving end. ie 14 gauge is for a 15 amp circuit, 12 gauge is for a 20 amp circuit, 10 gauge 30 amp etc. to get specific amp draw ratings on a particular gauge of wire look at a current National Electric code book or ugly book.
14 gauge will handle it with a 15 amp breaker. If you use 12 gauge use a 20 amp breaker.