dependent variable
Constants or control variables are kept constant during an experiment to isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. These variables do not change in order to ensure that any observed changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not influenced by other factors.
independent variable can be controlled by manipulation or selection.
The factors in an experiment that remain constant are called control variables. These are kept consistent to ensure that any changes observed in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not influenced by outside factors. Control variables help to isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
The manipulation of an independent variable during a scientific experiment allows a scientist to find a cause and effect relationship between variables. This is because the manipulation changes the results and measurements.
Experimenter variables are characteristics of the researcher that can influence the study outcomes, but are not typically used to measure manipulation in an experiment. Instead, manipulation is typically measured by the observed changes in the dependent variable(s) resulting from the experimental treatment or condition.
experiment
Albert Bandura is a social-cognitive theorist who argues that behavior is influenced by both situation variables and person variables. He proposed the concept of reciprocal determinism, which suggests that behavior is shaped by the interaction between personal factors, environmental factors, and behavior itself.
The manipulation of an independent variable during a scientific experiment allows a scientist to find a cause and effect relationship between variables. This is because the manipulation changes the results and measurements.
Cause variables are factors that directly influence or produce an effect on another variable. Effect variables are outcomes or results that are influenced by the cause variables. Understanding the relationships between cause and effect variables helps to analyze and predict how changes in one variable impact another.
Independent variables are those that you change in an experiment. Dependent variables are the ones that you measure in an experiment. Dependent variables are influenced by the independent variables that you change, so they are dependent upon the independent variable. Generally, experiments should have only one independent variable.
The variable that you can manipulate in the experiment is always the independent variable. The quantity that changes as a result of your manipulation is the dependent variable.
The three basic research methods in psychology are experimental research (manipulating variables to determine cause and effect), correlational research (examining the relationship between variables without manipulation), and descriptive research (observing and recording behaviors without manipulating variables).