If no repeats present the D1S80 length is 148 nucleotides (nt). First repeat is 14 nt and then 16 nt thereafter...keep adding until you reach your total sequence length and that will give you your total number of repeats.
You inherit two alleles, one maternal and one paternal. Because both parents are homozygous, each only has one variation to pass down. This means that any offspring will be heterozygous and have one allele with a repeat of 200base pairs and one with 400bp.
Krista Ann Currie has written: 'PCR amplification of alleles at D1S80 locus' 'Characterization of the human STR locus D18S535 in Caucasian and Aboriginal populations from Northern Ontario for forensic purposes'
Yes, gel electrophoresis separates fragments based on their size. Therefore it will be able to separate a 200bp fragment from a 400bp fragment provided you use the correct gel composition (as this affects the sensitivity to size differences).
Fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis because of their differing sizes. DNA is negatively charged, so will migrate through the gel towards the positive electrode. The smaller fragments are able to move through the gel more quickly than the larger fragments - which means they separate based on their size.