Krista Ann Currie has written: 'PCR amplification of alleles at D1S80 locus' 'Characterization of the human STR locus D18S535 in Caucasian and Aboriginal populations from Northern Ontario for forensic purposes'
Since you inherit one copy of the D1S80 locus from each parent, you will be heterozygous at this locus with one allele at 200 base pairs and the other at 400 base pairs. Therefore, the length of your fragments will be a combination of these two sizes, resulting in bands of approximately 200 and 400 base pairs on a DNA gel.
Yes, gel electrophoresis separates fragments based on their size. Therefore it will be able to separate a 200bp fragment from a 400bp fragment provided you use the correct gel composition (as this affects the sensitivity to size differences).
Fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis because of their differing sizes. DNA is negatively charged, so will migrate through the gel towards the positive electrode. The smaller fragments are able to move through the gel more quickly than the larger fragments - which means they separate based on their size.