You need to determine the geographic north, for example by observing sunrise and sunset; by observing the stars; or by using a compass that reacts to Earth's rotation (a gyrocompass).
Then you observe where the needle of a magnetic compass points.
Finally, you measure the angular difference between the two.
It is measured exactly the same in the Southern hemisphere (no difference between the two hemispheres). It is the difference between magnetic north and true north and it varies all over the globe. Magnetic declination (also called magnetic variation) is positive when magnetic north is east of true north (clockwise) and it is negative when magnetic north is west of true north (anti-clockwise).
solar altitude angle= (90 degree - zenith angle )
Altitude is the angle measured above the horizon.
An agonic point is o location where a magnetic needle points North without declination.
An agonic line is a line on a chart or map showing points of zero magnetic declination.
Magnetic Declination
Inclination is measured as the angle at which the satellite crosses the equator while passing from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere. Declination is the difference between magnetic North as reported by a compass and true North.
Magnet declination is the angle between magnetic north and true north. Declination is considered positive east of truth north and negative when west.
Magnetic declination
The angle between the direction your compass points and the direction you're facing is the 'magnetic azimuth'. The angle between the direction to the north pole and the direction you're facing is the 'true azimuth'. They are virtually never the same angle. The difference between them is the 'magnetic declination' or the 'compass declination' in the place where you are at in which.
angle of magnetic declination
The angle between the geographic and magnetic poles extends more towards the east, as you move to the north. The magnetic pole is actually near Greenland.
Declination, which is measured as an angle, north is positive and south is negative. The declination of a star etc. is also the latitude at which the star passes overhead.
Declination Diagram
It is measured exactly the same in the Southern hemisphere (no difference between the two hemispheres). It is the difference between magnetic north and true north and it varies all over the globe. Magnetic declination (also called magnetic variation) is positive when magnetic north is east of true north (clockwise) and it is negative when magnetic north is west of true north (anti-clockwise).
That's the "magnetic declination". Since the true north pole and the magnetic north pole are located at different points on the earth, the declination is a different angle in different places on earth.
Zero degrees! If the angle of declination is 0°, then magnetic north is exactly the same as true north, making it much easier to navigate. But really, there isn't any "optimum" angle. One angle is just as good as another as long as you know how to correct for it in the right way.