You need to determine the geographic north, for example by observing sunrise and sunset; by observing the stars; or by using a compass that reacts to Earth's rotation (a gyrocompass).
Then you observe where the needle of a magnetic compass points.
Finally, you measure the angular difference between the two.
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It is measured exactly the same in the Southern hemisphere (no difference between the two hemispheres). It is the difference between magnetic north and true north and it varies all over the globe. Magnetic declination (also called magnetic variation) is positive when magnetic north is east of true north (clockwise) and it is negative when magnetic north is west of true north (anti-clockwise).
solar altitude angle= (90 degree - zenith angle )
Altitude is the angle measured above the horizon.
An agonic point is o location where a magnetic needle points North without declination.
An agonic line is a line on a chart or map showing points of zero magnetic declination.