Each orbital can contain a maximum of 2 electrons only different in their spin momentum: +1/2 and -1/2.
The 4s orbital is fully 'used' from Ca (no.20) onward: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
The 4s2 suborbital quantum numbers are: (s for spin direction: CW or CCW)
n=4, m=0, l=0, s= +1/2, or n=4, m=0, l=0, s= -1/2.
If it is in row 4 (4th period) it has 4 energy levels occupies. In the 2nd column (group 2A) it has 2 valence electrons. You ask how many orbitals it has. It has s and p orbitals. Is that what you mean? The configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 so there are 3 s orbitals and 6 p orbitals for a total of 9 orbitals.
The "formula" is n2 - so for principal quantum number 4 there are 16 orbitals, correspnding to one X s orital, three X p orbitals, five X d orbitals, seven X f orbitals.
The 3rd period contains 2 of the 3 orbitals for the third sublevel. It has the s and p orbitals in it.
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sp hybrid orbitals are literally a hybrid of the S and P orbitals. in P block atoms that have 4 distinct bonds or non bonding pairs of electrons the valence electrons organize into 4 sp hybrid orbitals that point out from the nucleus like the points of a tetrahedron.
There are 4 orbitals in H2O , one s and 3 p
If it is in row 4 (4th period) it has 4 energy levels occupies. In the 2nd column (group 2A) it has 2 valence electrons. You ask how many orbitals it has. It has s and p orbitals. Is that what you mean? The configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 so there are 3 s orbitals and 6 p orbitals for a total of 9 orbitals.
4
16 orbitals
2 full orbitals, S and P
one
5
2
4
The 3rd period contains 2 of the 3 orbitals for the third sublevel. It has the s and p orbitals in it.
Hybridization comes from very complicated Quantum Mechanics and says that as many molecular orbitals that are being combound, the exact same number of hybrid orbitals are formed. Essentially, spherical s-orbitals and somewhat ellipcitcal p-orbitals are fused to make new orbitals that are identical. Example: 4 equivalent (tetragonal) sp3-orbitals in CH4 molecules.
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