None.
When water freezes it _releases_ energy (the heat of fusion, 333.55 kj.kg). To keep it from freezing, simply keep the energy constant. If the ambient temperature is below zero C (32 F) the rate of energy loss will depend on the temperature of the air and the thermal resistance (insulation value) of the water's container, and other factors such as wind speed. In those conditions you must replace the energy lost to prevent the water from freezing. However, the energy needed depends on the rate of loss, not on the amount of water.
In the water cycle heat energy is released during the processes of condensation and freezing. 334 J/g is released during freezing and 2260 J/g is released during condensation.
water
A watt is a unit of power (Joules/second: energy / time). I guess it depends on what method you are using to get energy out of the water, as to how much energy is in it.
Dissolved salts in water contribute to a decrease of the freezing point.
120 ounces
physical energy
16 halfpint cartons of water are needed to fill the gallon container
7 table spoons of salt stops 500ml of water from freezing
The freezing cannot be stopped; only the freezing temperature is lowered adding salts.
Any amount of energy you like greater than 0; the larger the amount of energy you give it, the larger the temperature increase will be. Perhaps you should specify by how much temperature you want the gallon of water to increase and you may get a more specific answer.
heat it up, add energy to it
0
freezing
Flowing water has kinetic energy associated with that fact that it is moving. It is a fact that moving water is more resistant to freezing than still water.
3 gallons because it has more heat energy and it gets warmer
Depends on how you use it.. According to Einsteins equation E=mc^2 (energy = mass * the speed of light squared), 1 gallon of water is equal to 326 petajoules. The world consumes 15 terawatts (54 petajoules / hour). -HowStuffWorks.com 1 Gallon of water = Enough energy to satisfy the world's energy needs for ~6 hours.
Yes. When ice is converted to water, thermal energy is required. When the water is converted back to ice, the same amount of thermal energy is released.