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When water freezes it _releases_ energy (the heat of fusion, 333.55 kj.kg). To keep it from freezing, simply keep the energy constant. If the ambient temperature is below zero C (32 F) the rate of energy loss will depend on the temperature of the air and the thermal resistance (insulation value) of the water's container, and other factors such as wind speed. In those conditions you must replace the energy lost to prevent the water from freezing. However, the energy needed depends on the rate of loss, not on the amount of water.

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Q: How much energy is needed to keep one gallon of water from freezing?
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