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That type of arrangement is known as a "series" combination.

Its schematic diagram looks like this:

----ⱶ|-ⱶ|-ⱶ|-ⱶ|---

The voltage between its ends is the sum of the voltage of the individual

cells. If each unit is nominally a 4.5V battery, then the end-to-end voltage

is nominally 18 volts, but it can only supply as much current (amps) as any

single one of them can.

If all 4 positive ends were connected together, and all 4 negative ends

connected together, then you'd have a "parallel" combination. The nominal

output voltage would still be 4.5 volts, but it could supply 4 times as much

current (amps) as a single one of them can.

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Q: How much voltage does four 4 5v batteries have when in sequence eg positive wire to negative back up to positive and so on Does it add up to 18 volts total or it remain at 4 5volts?
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