The ground stays warmer. so the top is frozen first because it comes in direct contact with the cold air, and the bottom is in closer contact to the warmer earth.
When water freezes the molecules come together and become more orderly. When water melts the molecules loosen apart.
Yes, they come out in the rain. when the water rises they sit along the bank.
Well water in the seas came from glaciers that melter over time....When the earth freezes it freezes the water into glacires which melt into water...but if your asking where it came from before the age of man then no one knows where it came from.
The top of the water will freeze first because it is in direct contact with the air, the bottom will always remain ice free because it is thermally protected against the cold under the ice sheet, (so the fish tell me...) this is why fish will lie at the bottom in cold snaps... if the air temperature is cold enough for a considerable length of time it will eventually freeze completely.
My fiance and I did an experiment with hot and cold water to see which one would make ice cubes faster. Honestly they froze at about the same time. He was taught that because its hot the molecules come together faster in the cold air, but during the test it was equal. As for the salt water I would think that would come in last.
The white stuff is actually the impurities frozen in the water. Pure water freezes clear. Simply, air inside the liquid water becomes visible as water freezes. As water freezes, the bonds between the water molecules strengthen, causing the ice to harden. Tiny natural air bubbles found in tap water begin to be pressed together by the crystalization of the freezing water. Just as tiny water specks in the sky form clouds, tiny air specks in ice makes it cloudy.
The water which was originally in a liquid stage, turns into a solid when it freezes. The particles in the water come closer together, therefore, the water contracts. This is not true. Most liquids do this when they freeze but water expaneds.
Cold water will freeze faster. Because the freezing point of water is 0oC, water that is closer to that point will freeze faster then hot water. This is because it will require less time to lower the temperature to the freezing point.
Snow forms when water vapor in the atmosphere freezes into ice crystals. These ice crystals then come together to form snowflakes. When enough snowflakes accumulate, they fall to the ground as snow.
Because oil and water do not mix unless you have an emulsifier
In fact hot water freezes quicker in a cold climate, because of the sudden temperature change. If you want to test it for yourself, take two ice trays, fill one with cold water and one with very hot water, stick them in the freezer, and see that the hot water freezes quicker.
The "air bubbles" are gases that are dissolved in the water. When the ice freezes the gas make the unfrozen water more concentrated with the dissolved gases until it becomes saturated and then comes out of solution and gets trapped in the surrounding ice. If you look at an ice cube you will notice that bubble are located in the centre which is the last place in the cube that freezes. If you make ice cubes from freshley boiled water you will not get the bubbles as boiling the water forces any dissolved gases to come out of solution and the ice cubes will be perfectly clear.